The Effect of Explants Types Difference of some Hassawi Date Palm Cultivars on in Vitro Propagation Physiological Problems and Obstacles Occurrence

(Wael Fathi Hassan Shehata)

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Abstract

The study was carried out on shoot tips, auxiliary buds, and leaves primordial of different date palm cultivars (Barhi, Khalasi, and Ruziz). All cultivars were cultured on a high Auxins concentrations medium (2,4-D, NAA and IAA( in total darkness under temperature of 2565533;265533;c. The most important results obtained from this study during sterilization process were that the highest contamination rate occurred with the side buds of Khalasi cv. The lowest survival rate occurred with side buds and primordial leaves of Barhi cultivar, while the highest mortality rate occurred with the side buds of Barhi cv. and the lowest was with the shoot tips of Khalasi cv. The study detected some Physiological obstacles that are harmful to the explanted tissues represented by browning and vitrification phenomenons. Browning was detected in all explanted cultivars but with varying degrees, the most affected cultivar was Barhi while the most affected explants were the primordial leaves. The study clearly declared that browning degree varies according to the cultivar and the type of the used explant, contrarily the study did not clarify the effect of the earlier factors on Vitrification as it was detected only with the auxiliary buds of Ruziz. Best result for callus formation were with the shoot tips of all cultivars especially for Khalasi. Key Words: Browning, Callus, Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Mortality, Survival, Vitirification.
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