Scientific Journal Of King Faisal University
Basic and Applied Sciences

ع

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University / Humanities and Management Sciences

The Degree to Which Digital Literacy Is Included in National Curriculum Standards

(Ahmed Y. Fagehi and Meznah R. Almutairy )

Abstract

Standards are the backbone of developing curricula and educational systems, as they precisely define what should be learned. Additionally, the integration of skills in curricula ensures that they are targeted in teaching and learning processes and thus acquired by learners. This study aims to analyze the national curriculum standards to reveal their level of inclusion of digital literacy. The descriptive approach was applied using the content analysis method, with a content analysis card used as the data collection tool. The results show that digital literacy is an essential component of the national standards (with a total percentage of 16%), is integrated seamlessly, and covers new trends in technology education, such as digital ethics and cybersecurity. The results also reveal that digital literacy standards are distributed into four categories, targeted in varying proportions, as follows: Using Digital Devices and Tools (54%), Searching for Information (28%), Ethics, Cybersecurity, and Societal Impact (11%), and Digital Communication and Collaboration (7%). The study recommends exploring the readiness of teachers to meet the requirements of digital literacy standards in terms of confidence, knowledge, and ability.
KEYWORDS
digital skills, curriculum standards, digital competencies, content analysis, digital citizenship, technology education

PDF

References

Al-Dawsari, M. and Hoaimel, A. (2022). Dirāsah taḥlīlīyah li-kutub al-tarbiyah al-fannīyah lil-ṣufūf al-awwalīyah fī ḍawʼ maʻāyīr majāl al-taʻallum ‘An analytical study of the lower grades art education curriculum textbooks in light of the field of learning standards’. Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, 18(2), 259–86. [in Arabic]
Al-Dulaymi, I. and Salih, A. (2014). Al-Baḥth Al- Ilmī Ususuhu Wa-Manāhijuh ‘Scientific Research, its Foundations and Methods’. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Radwan for Publishing and Distribution. [in Arabic].
Alenazy, N., Alkherisa, W. and Alshubili, A. (2023). Taḥlīl muḥtawá kitāb al-mahārāt al-ḥayātīyah wa-al-usarīyah lil-ṣaff al-Awwal al-ibtidāʼī fī ḍawʼ mahārāt al-qarn al-ḥādī wa-al- ishrīn ‘Analysis of the content of the book "Life and Family Skills" for the first grade in the light of the skills of the eleventh century’. Scientific Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(1). 23–44. [in Arabic]
Al-Faqih, A. (2021). Maāyīr al-lughah al-ʻarabīyah fī al-taʻlīm al-ʻāmm : al-saʻūdīyah kaḥḥālah ‘Standards for the Arabic language in school education: Saudi Arabia’. The Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences, 22(2), 376–84. [in Arabic] 
Al-Ghamdi, N. and Al-Saadoun, B. (2021). Taḥlīl muḥtawá kitāb al-dirāsāt al-ijtimāʻīyah lil-ṣaff al-thālith al-mutawassiṭ Bi-Al-Mamlakah Al-ʻArabīyah Al-Saʻūdīyah fī ḍawʼ Abʻād al-muwāṭanah al-raqmīyah ‘Content analysis of social studies textbook for third grade intermediate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on dimensions of digital citizenship’. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, 136(1), 425–45. [in Arabic]
Al-Khathamy, M. and Youssif, A. (2022). Taḥlīl muḥtawá muqarrarāt al-lughah al-injilīzīyah lil-marḥalah al-thānawīyah fī ḍawʼ abʻād al-Thaqāfah al-raqmīyah ‘Analyzing the content of English language curriculum the Mc Grow Hill for the secondary stage in light of the digital culture standards’. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, 142(1), 81–98. [in Arabic]
Al-Rasasimah, T. (2021). Dirāsah taḥlīlīyah lmqrr "lughatī al-jamīlah" lil-ṣufūf al-ʻulyā min al-marḥalah al-ibtidāʼīyah fī ẓill qayyim al-muwāṭanah al-raqmīyah ‘An analytical study for Arabic language course for the higher level in the primary education under the digital citizenship values’. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 5(28), 114–33. [in Arabic]. 
Al-Saadawi, A. and Al-Shamrany, S. (2016). Al-Taʻlīm Al-Muʻtamad ʻAlá Al-Maʻāyīr: Al-Usus Wa-Al-Mafāhīm Al-Naẓarīyah ‘Standards-Based Education: Theoretical Foundations and Concepts’. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States (ABEGS). [in Arabic]
Al-Sharif, L. (2023). Darajat taḍmīn mahārāt al-muwāṭanah al-raqmīyah fī muqarrarāt al-tarbiyah al-usarīyah bi-al-marḥalah al-mutawassiṭah fī al-mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-saʻūdīyah ‘Degree of the inclusion of digital citizenship in family education course of middle school in Saudi Arabia’. Journal of Arts for Psychological and Educational Studies, 5(1), 303–44. [in Arabic]
Aliyan, R. (2001). Al-Baḥth Al-ʻIlmī Ususuhu Manāhijuh Wa-Asālībuh Ijrāʼātuhu ‘Scientific Research - its Foundations - Methods – Procedures’. Amman, Jordan: House of Ideas International. [in Arabic]
Ashour, T. and Soulaiman, J. (2023). Darajat twffr mahārāt al-thaqāfah alrqmyyh fī Kitāb alddrāsāt alājtmāʻyyh llṣff al-khāmis min marḥalat al-Taʻlīm alʼsāsī  ‘Digital literacy skills availability level in the social studies book for the fifth grades of the basic education stage’. Damascus University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 39 (3), 84–100. [in Arabic]
Bennett, L.B., Aguagya, R.C. and Field, S.L. (2016). At home in the world: Supporting children in human rights, global citizenship, and digital citizenship. Childhood Education, 92(3), 189–99.
Bonifacio, A.L. (2013). Developing information communication technology (ICT) curriculum standards for K-12 schools in the Philippines. In: The Sixth Conference of MIT's Learning International Networks Consortium (LINC), MIT, Massachusetts, USA. Available at:   https://linc.mit.edu/linc2013/proceedings/Session7/Session7Bonifacio.pdf (accessed on 13/01/2024).
Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD). (2018). Building digital competencies to benefit from existing and emerging technologies, with a special focus on gender and youth dimensions. Available at:  https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ecn162018d3_en.pdf (accessed on 13/01/2024).
Department of Education. (2018). Essential Digital Skills Framework. United Kingdom. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b9246d4e5274a4236952309/Essential_digital_skills_framework.pdf (accessed on 21/02/2024).
Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC). (2019a). Al-iṭār Al-waṭanī Li-maʻāyīr Manāhij Al-taʻlīm Al-ʻāmm  ‘National Framework for General Education Curriculum Standards’. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: King Fahd Library. [in Arabic]
Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC). (2019b). Al-Iṭār Altkhṣṣy Lmjāl Al-Tiqniyah Al-Raqmīyah  ‘Specialized Framework for the Field of Digital Technology’. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: King Fahd Library. [in Arabic]
Education and Training Evaluation Commission. (2023a). Al-Mahārāt Wa-Al-Qiyam fī Maʻāyīr Manāhij Al-Taʻlīm Al-ʻAmm ‘Skills and Values in General Education Curriculum’ Standards. (ETEC). [in Arabic]
Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC). (2023b). Wathīqah Maʻāyīr Majāl Al-Tarbiyah Al-Islāmīyah ‘Standards Document for the Field of Islamic Education’. 2nd edition. (ETEC). [in Arabic]
From, J. (2017). Pedagogical digital competence--between values, knowledge and skills. Higher Education Studies, 7(2), 43–50.‏
Ilomäki, L., Paavola, S., Lakkala, M. and Kantosalo, A. (2016). Digital competence–an emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research. Educ Inf Techno, 21(n/a), 655–79.‏ DOI.org/10.1007/s10639-014-9346-4
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). (2019). ISTE Standard for Students. Available at: https://www.iste.org/standards/for-students (accessed on 24/02/2024).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2020). Digital Skills Assessment Guidebook. Available at: https://academy.itu.int/sites/default/files/media2/file/20-00227_1f_Digital_Skills_assessment_Guidebook_%2028%20May%202020.pdf (accessed on 24/02/2024)
Jones, L.M. and Mitchell, K.J. (2016). Defining and measuring youth digital citizenship. New Media and Society. 18(9), 2063–79. 
Kontkanen, S., Pöntinen, S., Kewalramani, S., Veresov, N. and Havu-Nuutinen, S. (2023). Children’s digital competence in early childhood education: a comparative analysis of curricula. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(1), n/a.‏
Lauricella, A.R., Herdzina, J. and Robb, M. (2020). Early childhood educators’ teaching of digital citizenship competencies. Computers and Education, 158(4). DOI.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103989.
Mark, L.K. and Nguyen, T.T. (2017). An invitation to internet safety and ethics: School and family collaboration. Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice, 23(n/a), 62–75.‏
Matos, J., Pedro, A. and Piedade, J. (2019). Integrating digital technology in the school curriculum. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14(21), 4–15.‏
Nascimbeni, F. and Vosloo, S. (2019). Digital Literacy for Children: Exploring Definitions and Frameworks. UNICEF for Every Child. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/globalinsight/media/1271/file/%20UNICEF-Global-Insight-digital-literacy-scoping-paper-2020.pdf (accessed on 26/02/2024).
National Center for Computing Education [NCCE]. (2021). Digital Literacy within the Computing Curriculum. Available at: https://blog.teachcomputing.org/digital-literacy-within-the-computing-curriculum/ (accessed on 01/03/2024).
Patton, R.M. and Buffington, M.L. (2016). Keeping up with our students: The evolution of technology and standards in art education. Arts Education Policy Review, 117(3), 1–9.‏
Redecker, C. and Punie, Y. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu. Publications Office of the European Union. Available at: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/digcompedu_en (accessed on 01/03/2024).
Tran, D., Reys, B.J., Teuscher, D., Dingman, S. and Kasmer, L. (2016). Analysis of curriculum standards: an important research area. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 47(2), 118–33. DOI.org/10.5951/jrese matheduc.47.2.0118. 
Obaidat, Dh., Adas, A., Abd Al-Haqq, K. (2012). Al-Baḥth Al-ʻIlmī Mafhūmuhu Adawātuh Wa-Asālībuh ‘Scientific Research - Its Concept - Tools - Methods’. Fourteenth edition. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al Fikr Publishers and Distributors. [in Arabic]