Scientific Journal Of King Faisal University
Basic and Applied Sciences

ع

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University / Humanities and Management Sciences

Developing Smart Learning Environments in Line with the Future Requirements of Artificial Intelligence: Saudi Universities

(Salim M. Alanazy)

Abstract

The current study aims to develop smart learning environments in Saudi universities in line with the future requirements of artificial intelligence. To achieve this goal, a systematic review was conducted on studies published on Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 1990 until 2021 on the development of e-learning in the light of artificial intelligence (in addition to the relevant Arab studies). First, a list of challenges and opportunities for developing smart learning environments according to the future requirements of artificial intelligence was composed. Then, a questionnaire was prepared and reviewed by several academic experts in educational technology in Saudi universities. The study results include many challenges expected to be encountered in the smart learning environments in Saudi universities concerning the future preconditions for artificial intelligence. It also presented a number of opportunities and procedures for facing such challenges and exploiting the opportunities. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions were presented.
KEYWORDS
Intelligent learning systems, virtual learning, e-learning, higher education, instructional design, formal learning

PDF

References

Abdel-Wahhab, S., Al-Ghitani, I. and Yahya, S. (2018). Furas watahdidat aldhaka' alaistinaeii fi alsanawat aleashr alqadimata. Majalat almustaqbal lil'abhath waldirasat almutaqadimati ‘Artificial intelligence opportunities and threats in the next ten years’. Future Journal For Research And Advanced Studies, Future Center for Research and Advanced Studies, n/a(27), 1–16. [In Arabic]  
Al-Bishr, M. (2020). Mutatalabat tawzif aldhaka' alaistinaeii fi tadris tulaab watalibat aljamieat alsaeudiat min wijhat nazar alkhubara'i 'Requirements for employing artificial intelligence in teaching male and female students of Saudi universities from the point of view of experts’. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University, 20(2), 27–92. [In Arabic] 
Al-Bunyan, R. (2019). Taqyim tajribat jamieat 'umi alquraa fi astikhdam nizam 'iidarat altaealum al'iiliktrunii blackboard ‘Assessment of umm al-qura university's experience in using the blackboard e-learning management system’. The Arab Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 3(8), 316–33. [In Arabic] 
Al-Ritaimi, M. (2018). Atbiqat Aldhaka' Aliastinaeiu ’Artificial Intelligence Applications’. Tripoli: Libyan Association for Artificial Intelligence. [In Arabic] 
Al-Ruwaili, Z. (2008). Aistikhdam Shabakat Al'iintirnit Fi Marakiz Sadir Altaelim Waltaealum Lidaem Altadris Min Wijhat Nazar Muealimi Watulaab Almarhalat Althaanawiat Alhukumiat Fi Madinat Alriyad’ Using the Internet in Teaching and Learning Resource Centers to Support Teaching from The Point of View of Governmental Secondary School Teachers and Students in Riyadh. Master's Thesis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [In Arabic] 
Bakr, A. and Taha, M. (2019). Ldhaka' aliaistinaeiu: Siasatuh baramijuh watatbiqatuh fi altaelim aleali: Manzur duali ‘artificial intelligence: its policies, programs, and applications in higher education: An international perspective’. Journal of Education, Al-Azhar University, 38(184), 383–432. [In Arabic] 
Bernard, M. (2018). The Key Definitions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) That Explain its Importance. Available at: https://bit.ly/2BK7JOO (accessed on: 08/08/2021).
Cheung, S.K.S., Kwok, L.F., Phusavat, K. and Yang, H.H. (2021). Shaping the future learning environments with smart elements: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.1186/s41239-021-00254-1.
CNN in Arabic (2017). Butin Yakshif Min Binazarih Sayahkum Alealam ‘Putin Reveals Who in His View Will Rule the World’. Available at: https://cnn.it/2oadg7B (accessed on: 01/12/2021). [In Arabic]
Daniel, K. (2015). Michigan Tech's Roughie Gliders will follow their Own Path. Available at: https://www.fondriest.com/news/michigan-techs-roughie-gliders-will-follow-path.htm (accessed on: 20/04/2021).
Fahimirad, M. and Kotamjani, S. (2018). A review on application of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning in educational contexts. International Journal of Learning and Development, 8(4), 106–18. DOI:10.5296/ijld.v8i4.14057 
Gros, B. (2016). The design of smart educational environments. Smart Learning Environments, 3(1), 1–11.
Hassan, A. (2020). Alsiynariuhat Almuqtarahat Lidawr Aldhaka' Alaistinaeii Fi Daem Almajalat Albahthiat Walmaelumatiat Bialjamieat Almisriati ‘Suggested Scenarios for The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Research and Information Fields in Egyptian Universities’. Journal of the Future of Arab Education, Arab Center for Education and Development, 27(125), 203–64. [In Arabic] 
Katie, C. (2017). Driverless Truk Convoy Platoons Europe. Available at: https://www.cnet.com/news/driverless-truck-convoy-platoons-across-europe (accessed on 01/12/2021).
Ocaña-Fernandez, Y., Valenzuela-Fernandez, L. and Garro-Aburto, L. (2019). Artificial intelligence and its implications in higher education. Propósitos y Representaciones, 7(2), 536–68. DOI: 10.20511/pyr2019.v7n2.274
Popenici, S.A. and Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(1), 1–13.
Price, J.K. (2015). Transforming learning for the smart learning environment: Lessons learned from the intel education initiatives. Smart Learning Environments, 2(1), 16. DOI: 10.1186/s40561-015-0022-y
Shaaban, A. (2021). Aldhaka' aliastinaeiu watatbiqatuh fi altaelim aleali ‘Artificial intelligence and its applications in higher education’. Educational Journal, Sohag University, 1(84), 1–24. [In Arabic] 
Spector, J.M. (2014). Conceptualizing the emerging field of smart learning environments. Smart Learning Environments, 1(1), 1–10.
Suwaidan, R. (2020). Mutatalabat tawzif altaealum aldhakii fi aleamaliat altaealumiat - altaelimiat fi jamieat alaistiqlal min wijhat nazar 'aeda' hayyat altadrisi ‘Requirements for employing smart learning in the learning-educational process at al-istiqlal university from the point of view of faculty members’. Al-Ustaz Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences, 59(2), 163–82. [In Arabic] 
UNESCO. (2019). Aldhaka' Alaistinaeiu Fi Altaelim ‘Artificial Intelligence in Education’. Available at: https://cutt.us/52TwI (accessed on: 01/12/2021). [In Arabic] 
Xing, W., Pei, B., Li, S., Chen, G. and Xie, C. (2019). Using learning analytics to support students’ engineering design: The angle of prediction. Interactive Learning Environments, 2(5), n/a. DOI: 10.1080/10494 820.2019.16803 91.
Zerrougui, R. and Valtah, A. (2020). Dawr aldhaka' alaistinaeii fi tahsin jawdat altaelim aleali ‘The role of artificial intelligence in improving the quality of higher education’. The Arab Journal of Specific Education, The Arab Foundation for Education, Science and Arts, 4(12), 1–12. [In Arabic]