Antinutritional Factors in Feed Sources of Plant Origin and Their Effects on Fish: A Review

(Mohammed bin Abdullah Ayver)

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Abstract

The usage of plant sources such as oilseeds, legume seeds, cereals and root tuber meals as fish feed ingredients are limited by the presence of many antinutritional factors. Among the most important of them are protease inhibitors, lectins, tannins, gossypols, phytates, gulcosinolates, saponins, cyanogens, alkaloids and oligosaccharides in addition to non starch polysaccharides. The nature of these factors and their influence on fish are reviewed through maximum and minimum levels of each factor. All studies carried out in this regards were divided into two groups. In the first group the use of pure antinutritional factors which have been extracted from different plants and added to fish feed were considered; whereas the second group deals with plant sources that are known to contain such factors in fish feed. Regardless of the way that these factors have been delt with, different negative consequences such as poor palatability, reduced feed efficiency, low feed digestibility and poor growth have been observed. The effectiveness of treatments to reduce the deleterious effect of these factors in plant sources such as feed processing, heat treatment either wet or dry, aqueous extraction and enzyme treatment have been reviewed for each case.
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