Overview on Leishmaniasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

(Saleh Abdullah Al-Omari, maxillary Abdulrahman Ibrahim, Saeed Mohammed Hussein Abu village)

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a growing public health problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cutaneous leishmaniasis occurs in many parts in the Kingdom; Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is transmitted by the Sandfly Phlebotomous papatasi and the rodent Psammomys obesus and Meriones libycus are reservoir hosts in Al-Hassa and Riyadh Regions, respectively .The disease is endemic in Riyadh, Al-Hassa, El-Quasseem, El Medina El Monawara, Tabuk, and Hail Regions. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis occurs in the high lands of Asir mountains, Mainly, Asir, Baha and Taif Regions. It is caused by L. tropica and is transmitted by P. sergenti. Man is the only known reservoir host. Visceral leishmaniasis mainly affects infants and young children throughout the foothills of Asir mountains. The majority of cases come from Gazan Region. The disease caused by L. donovani and the black rat Rattus rattus is the possible reservoir host.
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