Phytochemical Analysis, Total Phenolic Content, Hemolytic and Anti-hemolytic Activities of Centaurea iberica (Asteraceae)

(Ruba Joujeh, Salim Zaid and Sobhi Mona)

---

Abstract

Several plants contain chemical substances that have various biological activities, but they also probably cause harmful effects on cellular membranes. This work deals with the Centaurea iberica (Iberian starthistle) plant. The objective of this study is to identify the main chemical groups in the methanolic extract 80% of the plant, determine its total phenolic content, evaluate its toxic effect on human erythrocytes, and also assess its activity in the protection of normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme-deficient human erythrocytes membranes against oxidative hemolysis. Phytochemical analysis revealed that C. iberica extract contains several bioactive compounds. The results also showed that the plant extract contained good level of total phenolic compounds. The extract exhibited a low hemolytic effect. It also showed excellent activity in the protection of normal and G6PD-deficient human erythrocytes against oxidative hemolysis.
KEYWORDS
Erythrocytes, G6PD, Iberian starthistle, methanolic extract, toxic effect, oxidative hemolysis
PDF

References

Afsar, T., Razak, S., Khan, M.R., Mawash, S., Almajwal, A., Shabir, M. and Haq, I.U. (2016). Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-hemolytic and anticancer activity of various solvent extracts of Acacia hydaspica R. Parker aerial parts. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(n/a), 1–16. DOI:10.1186/s12906-016-1240-8.
Wani, S.A., Shah, K.W. and Ahmad, M.A. (2012). Preliminary phytochemical investigation and thin layer chromatography of Rheum emodi. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 3(4), 176–7.
Alachkar, A., Jaddouh, A., Elsheikh, M.S., Bilia, A.R. and Vincieri, F.F. (2011). Traditional medicine in Syria: Folk Medicine in aleppo governorate. Natural Product Communications, 6(1), 79–84. DOI:10.1177/1934578X1100600119.
Albayrak, S., Atasagun, B. and Aksoy, A. (2017). Comparison of phenolic components and biological activities of two Centaurea sp. obtained by three extraction techniques. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10(6), 599–606. DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.06.010.
Alhafez, M., Kheder, F. and AlJoubbeh, M. (2014). Polyphenols, flavonoids and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in tea leaves and in their infusions under various conditions. Nutrition and Food Science, 44(5), 455–63. DOI:10.1108/NFS-10-2013-0119. 
Boonkasem, P., Sricharoen, P., Techawongstein, S. and Chanthai, S. (2015). Determination of Ascorbic acid and total phenolics related to the antioxidant activity of some local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varieties. Der Pharma Chemica, 7(4), 66–70.
Davis, P.H. (1975). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.
Dumlu, M.U. and Gürkan, E. (2006). A new active compound from Centaurea species. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 61(1-2), 44–6. DOI: 10.1515/znc-2006-1-208. 
Erel, S. B., Demir, S., Nalbantsoy, A., Ballar, P., Khan, S.H., Yavasoglu N. and Karaalp C.  (2014). Bioactivity screening of five Centaurea species and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of C. athoa. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(6), 775–81. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.868493.
Hilpold, A. (2011). Evolution of Centaurea Acrolophus sub group, Ph.D. Thesis, Universitat DE Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Ibrahim, I.H., Sallam, S.M., Omar, H. and Rizk, M. (2006). Oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by various vitamins. International Journal of Biomedical Science: IJBS, 2(3), 295. DOI: 10.59566/IJBS.2006.2295.
Joshan, D.S. and Rawal, S. (2012). Comparative evaluation of antioxidant and antihemolytic capacities of plants of indian origin using multiple antioxidant assays. International Journal of Phytopharmacy, 2(n/a), 107–15. DOI: 10.7439/ijpp.v2i4.691.
Kalita, S., Kumar, G., Karthik, L. and Rao, K.V.B. (2011). Phytochemical Composition and in vitro hemolytic activity of Lantana Camara L. (Verbenaceae) leaves. Pharmacologyonline, 1(n/a), 59–67.
Kavitha, G. and lena, J. (2014). Evaluation of Antihemolytic capacities of Lippia citridora with in vitro models. International Journal of Ethnomedicine and Pharmacological Research, 2(1), 11–7.
Khammar, A. and Djeddi, S. (2012). Pharmacological and biological properties of some Centaurea species. European Journal of Scientific Research, 84(3), 398–416.
Khan, A.N., Fatima, I., Abdul Khaliq, U., Malik, A., Miana, G.A., Qureshi, Z. and Rasheed, H. (2011). Potent anti-platelet constituents from Centaurea iberica. Molecules, 16(3), 2053–64. DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032053.
Kilic, O., (2013). Essential oil compounds of three Centaurea L. taxa from Turkey and their chemotaxonomy. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(19), 1344–50. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.1233.
Kuhlmann, W.D. (2006). Buffer Solutions. Available at:  https://www.kuhlmann-biomed.de/en/buffer-solutions/ (accessed on 03/09/2024).
Lohith, K., Vijay, R., Pushpalatha, K.C., and Chandrashekar, G.J. (2013). In-vitro Cytotoxic Study of Moullava spicata (dalz.) Nicolson Leaf Extract. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences (IRJPAS), 3(2), 38–42.
Mojab, F., Kamalinejad, M., Ghaderi, N. and Vahidipour, H.R. (2003). Phytochemical screening of some species of iranian plants, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(2), 77–82. DOI: 10.22037/IJPR.2010.16.
Mukherjee, A., and Rajasekaran, C. (2010). In-vitro hemolytic activity of Allium stracheyi Baker, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 3(5), 1160–1162.
Nabavi, S.F., Nabavi, S.M. and Ebrahimzadeh, M.A. (2010). In vitro antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of grain bran, Pharmacologyonline, 3(n/a), 52–9.
Noudeh, G.D., Sharififar, F., Khatib, M., Behravan, E. and Afzadi, M.A. (2010). Study of Aqueous extract of three medicinal plants on cell membrane–permeabilizing and their surface properties. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(1), 110–6.
Pandey, A. and Tripathi, S. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(5), 115–9. 
Sahu, P., Gupta, S., Banerjee, M., Priya, C.L. and Rao, K.V. (2014). Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, hemolytic activity and HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract of Cleome viscosa linn. Stems. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 7(10), 1140–4.
Sangeetha, G. and Vidhya, R. (2016). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of different parts of Pedalium murex (L.), International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4(3), 31–36.
Sariburun, E., Sahin, S., Demir, C., Turkben, C. and Uylaser, V. (2010). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of raspberry and blackberry cultivars, Journal of Food Science, 75(4), 328–35. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01571.x.
Shwetha, R.J., Tahareen, S. and Myrene, R.D. (2016). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory activity of tinospora cordifolia using in vitro models, Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Science, 6(62), 497–512.
Tomar, A. (2017). Medicinal use of Centaurea cyanus Linn. To cure ophthalmia. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 232–3.
Vinjamuri, S., Shanker, D., Ramesh, R. and Nagarajan, S. (2015). In vitro evaluation of hemolytic activity and cell viability assay of hexanoic extracts of bridelia ferruginea benth. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(7), 1263–8.