The Effect of Site and Cultivar on the Protein Patterns in Three Cultivars of Date Palm Leaflets and Roots grown in Al-ِِAhsa and Al-Qatif in Saudi Arabia Using Electrophoretic analysis Technique

(Adel Mohammed Al-Issa and Ali Abdul Mohsen Al Hilal and Faisal Abdullah Al-Saad)

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Abstract

Date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are widely distributed in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There are more than 70 cultivars that have been grown there for ages, three of which namely "Khalas", "Shaishi", "Ruzaiz" have been selected in each locality (Al-Ahsa and Al-Qatif) for electrophoretic protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Leaflet tissues have been analyzed and compared in all studied cultivars within all seasons in addition to root tissues. The results showed that the three cultivars differed in their protein patterns in one location and their behavior in the two locations, The polymorphism of the protein patterns for the same cultivar grown in the two locations were ranged in leaflets tissues between 6.67% for Khalas cultivar in winter to 35.29% for Ruzaiz cultivar in autumn while Ruzaiz cultivar showed monomorphism in the spring season, The results showed the absence of 20, 22.5 kd bands in Al-Ahsa Khalas and Al-Qatif Ruzaiz in autumn, and the absence of 17.3 kd band in Al-Qatif Ruzaiz in autumn and the absence of 13.7 kd band in Al-Ahsa Ruzaiz in winter while they appeared in other cultivars during other seasons, but leaflets protein patterns were characterized by their low content of proteins. Polymorphism ranged in roots tissues between 8.33% in Khalas cultivar to 7.69% in shaishi cultivar while Ruzaiz cultivar showed monomorphism. Al-Ahsa Shaishi roots were distinguished by the appearance of 49 kd band, and Al-Qatif Khalas cultivar roots by 22.5 kd band. It could be concluded that the polymorphic results maybe due to genetic differences or due to environmental factors. These results of protein typing could be used as markers of genetic expression in roots tissues while they couldn’t be so in leaflet tissues because of the low content of their protein.
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