Scientific Journal Of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences

ع

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management

Impact of Mandatory Application of International Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards on the Earnings Management Practices of Jordanian Corporations

(Nedal Omar Zaloom)

Abstract

The research aims to identify the effect of the compulsory implementation of the international accounting and financial reporting standards (IFRS) on earnings management, e.g. the effect of negative earnings, leverage, growth rate and the accounting conservatism on corporations management profits. In order to achieve the study objectives, content analysis is utilized by designing a specific index that is prepared to measure the extent of corporations’ compliance with IFRS. The study sample consists of 102 Jordanian companies. To test the hypotheses of the study, descriptive statistics are utilized, and technical logistic regression is applied to clarify the effect of accounting standards, international financial reporting, negative earnings, leverage, growth rate and accounting conservatism on corporations earnings management. The study shows the lack of corporations’ full compliance with international accounting and financial reporting standards. The results of the study also shows that the factors of financial leverage and negative earnings positively affect corporations earnings management. Furthermore, the study does not find any significant impact for growth rate and conservatism factors on corporations’ earnings management. KEYWORDS accounting conservatism, IFRS, leverage, logistic regression, negative earnings
PDF

References

Abdullah, A. (2012). Maeayir Altaqarir Almalia Alduwalia Wamumarasat Almuhasaba Al'iibdaeia ‘International Financial Reporting Standards and Creative Accounting Practices’. PhD Thesis, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan. [in Arabic]
Abu Nassar, M and Hamidat, J. (2013). Maeayir Almuhasabat Waltaqrir Almaliu Aldawliat ‘International Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting’. 3th edition. Amman, Jordan: Wael Publishing. [in Arabic]
Abu Zerr, A. (2010). Mumarasat almuhasabat alaibtidaeiat waealaqatuha bijawdat almaelumat almhasbyt bialqawayim almaliati ‘Creative accounting practices and its relation to accounting information quality in the financial statements’. Journal of Accounting Thought. n/a(2), 195–214. [in Arabic] 
Ahmad, S. (2011). Altahafuz almuhasibiu wajudat qias al'arbah: Drrasa tatbiqia alaa sharikat almusahama albahraynia ‘Accounting conservatism and quality of measuring earnings: An applied study on Bahraini corporations’. Arab Journal of Administration. 31(2), 119–44. [in Arabic]
Aubert, F. and Grudnitski, G. (2012). Analysts' estimates: What they could be telling us about the impact of IFRS on earnings manipulation in Europe. Review of Accounting and Finance. 11(1), 53–72.
Ball, R. (2006). International financial reporting standards IFRS: Pros and cons for investors. Accounting and Business Research. 36(1), 5–27.
Ball, R., Kothari, S. and Robin, A. (2000). The effect of international institutional factors on properties of accounting earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 29(1), 1–51.
Ball, R., Robin, A. and Wu, J. (2003). Incentives versus standards: Properties of accounting income in four East Asian countries. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 361(3), 235–70.
Barth M., Landsman, W. and Lang, M. (2008). International accounting standards and accounting quality. Journal of Accounting Research. 46(3), 467–98.
Bartov, E. and Mohanram, P. (2004). Private information, earnings manipulations, and executive stock-option exercises. The Accounting Review. 79(4), 889–920.
Bartov, E., Givoly, D. and Hayn, C. (2002). The rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 33(n/a), 173–204.
Bergstresser, D. and Philippon, T. (2006). CEO incentives and earnings management. Journal of Financial Economics. 80(n/a), 511–29.
Cai, L., Rahman, A. and Courtenay, S. (2008). The Effect of IFRS and its Enforcement on Earnings Management: An International Comparison. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1473571 (accessed on 01/07/2020).
Callao, S.  and Jarne, J. (2010). Have IFRS affected earnings management in the European Union? Accounting in Europe. 7(2), 159–89.
Chou, D., Gombola, M. and Liu, F. (2006). Earnings management and stock performance of reverse leveraged buyouts. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 41(2), 407–38.
Dao, T. (2005). Monitoring compliance with IFRS: Some insights from the French regulatory system. Accounting in Europe. 2(1), 107–35.
Daske, H., Hail, L., Leuz, C. and Verdi, R. (2008). Mandatory IFRS reporting around the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences. Journal of Accounting Research. 46(5), 1085–142.
Dechow P., Sloan R. and Sweeney A. (1995). Detecting earnings management. The Accounting Review. 70(2), 193–225.
Deegan, C. and Unerman, J. (2006). Financial Accounting Theory. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill. 
Fama, E. (1980). Agency problems and the theory of the firm. Journal of Political Economy. 88(2), 288–307.
Fama, E. and Jensen, M. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics. 26(2), 301–25.
Francis, J. and Wang, D. (2008). The joint effect of investor protection and big 4 audits on earnings quality around the world. Contemporary Accounting Research. 25(1), 1–39.
Graham, J., Harvey, C. and Rajgpal, S. (2005). The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(1–3), 3–73.
Hamdan, A. (2012). Aleawamil almuatharat fi iawdat al'arbah "dliyl min alsharikat alsinaeiat al'urduniya ‘Factors influencing the level of earnings quality: Evidence from the Jordanian industrial corporations’. Journal of Islamic. 20(1), 265–301. [in Arabic]
Hamdan, A., Mushtaha, S. and Awad, B. (2012). Dawr lijan altadqiq fi aistimrariat alarbah kadalil ala jawdtiha ‘The role of audit committees in persisting earnings as evidence of earnings quality’. Jordan Journal of Business Administration. 8(3), 409–33. [in Arabic]
Healy, P. and Wahlen, J. (1999). A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Accounting Horizons. 13(4), 365–83.
Heflin, F., Kwon, S. and Wild, J. (2002). Accounting choices: Variation in managerial opportunism. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 29(7/8), 1047–78.
Hope, O., Jin, J. and Kang, T. (2005). Empirical evidence on jurisdictions that adopt IFRS. Journal of International Accounting Research. 5(2), 1 – 20.
Houqe, M., Zijl, T., Dunstan, K. and Karim, A. (2012). The effect of IFRS adoption and investor protection on earnings quality around the world. The International Journal of Accounting. 47(3), 333–55.
Hunton, J., Libby, R. and Mazza, C. (2006). Financial reporting transparency and earnings management. The Accounting Review. 81(1), 135–58.
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F. and Shleifer, A. (2006). What works in securities laws? Journal of Finance. 61(1), 1–32.
Lee, P. (2006). The big bath hypothesis: Accruals management in response to dividend reduction and omission. International Journal of Management. 23(2), 281–8.
Leuz, C., Nanda, D. and Wyscocki, P. (2003). Earnings management and investor protection: An international comparison. Journal of Financial Economics. 69(3), 505–27.
Leventis, S., Dimitropoulos, P. and Anandarajan, A. (2011). Loan loss provisions, earnings management and capital management under IFRS: The case of EU commercial banks. Journal of Financial Services Research. 40(1–2), 103–22.
Magrath, L. and Weld, L. (2002). Abusive earnings management and early warning signs. The CPA Journal. 72(8), 50–3.
Marra A., Mazzola, B. and Prencipe, A. (2011). Board monitoring and earnings management pre- and post-IFRS. The International Journal of Accounting. 46(2), 205–30.
Mir, A. and Seboui, S. (2006). Corporate governance and earnings management and the relationship between economic value added and created shareholder value. Journal of Asset Management. 7(3), 242–54.
Mulford, C. and Comiskey, E. (2002). The Financial Numbers Game: Detecting Creative Accounting Practices. NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Omar, B. and Simon, J. (2011). Corporate aggregate disclosure practices in Jordan. Advances in Accounting. 27(1), 166–86.
Ramalingegowda, S., Wand, C. and Yu, Y. (2013). The role of financial reporting quality in mitigating the constraining effect of dividend policy on investment decisions. The Accounting Review. 88(3), 1007–39.
Riahi, Y. and Ben Arab, M. (2011). Disclosure frequency and earnings management: An analysis in the Tunisian context‏. Journal of Accounting and Taxation. 3(3), 47–59.
Rudra, T. and Bhattacharjee, D. (2012). Does IFRs influence earnings management? Evidence from India. Journal of Management Research. 4(1), 1–13. 
Shetewy, A.M. (2009). Dirasat tatbiqia litahlil tathir aleawamil alaiqtisadia alaa mumarasat edarat al'arbah bialsharikat almisria ‘Empirical study for analyzing the impact of economic factors on earnings management practices in Egyptian companies’. The Scientific journal of the Trade and Finance. n/a(1), 113–80. [in Arabic]
Tendeloo, B. and Vanstraelen, A. (2005). Earnings management under German GAAP versus IFRS. European Accounting Review. 14(1), 155–80.
Tsipouridou, M. and Spathis. C. (2012). Earnings management and the role of auditors in an unusual IFRS context: The case of Greece. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation. 21(1), 62–78.
Wang, M. (2013). The study of accounting conservatism after the promulgation of new accounting standards for enterprises - based on the evidence in China’s capital market. International Business Research. 6(3), 183–91.
Wang, Y. and Campbell, M. (a2012). Corporate governance, earnings management, and IFRS: Empirical evidence from Chinese domestically listed companies. Advances in Accounting. 28(1), 189–92.
Wang, Y. and Campbell, M. (b2012). Earnings management comparison: IFRS vs. China GAAP. International Management Review. 8(1), 5–11.
Watrin, C. and Ullmann, R. (2012). Improving earnings quality: The effect of reporting incentives and accounting standards. Advances in Accounting. 28(1), 179–88.
Zalloum, N. (2013). Al'iifsah ean alailtizam bitatbiq alqawaeid al'iirshadiat alkhasat bihawkmat alsharikat wa'athariha fi qimat alsharika "drrasa tatbiqiata alaa alsharikat alkhadamia almusahama almudraja fi aursat amman ‘The compliance of corporate governance codes and its effect on company's value: The case of Jordan’. IUG Journal of Economics and Business Studies. 21(2), 163–87. [in Arabic]
Zalloum, O., Abu Zerr, A. and Al-Farah, A. (2013). Degree of disclosure and conservatism in the annual financial statements in service and industrial public shareholding companies listed in Amman stock exchange. European Journal of Business and Management. 5(25), 27–39.
Zeghal, D., Chtourou, S. and Sellami, Y. (2011). An analysis of the effect of mandatory adoption of IAS/IFRS on earnings management. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation. 20(2), 61–72.