Scientific Journal Of King Faisal University
Basic and Applied Sciences

ع

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University / Basic and Applied Sciences

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its Contribution to Urban Growth

(Mehad Sayed Ibrahim Emara)

Abstract

Technological transformation plays a crucial role in our world today. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) represents a significant transformation in many areas of industry in different countries. The rapid speed and scope of the transformation resulted in many urban development challenges, which will subsequently force cities to devise smart solutions to improve the standard of living of urban settlements to provide a better life for their residents. The research aims to discuss these challenges and explore how the 4IR affects the development, urbanisation and transformation of cities into smart ones by highlighting various technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, blockchain and 3D printing. Furthermore, a group of specialists in the field (designers, planners and consultants) will be assessing the contributions of the 4IR that support smart cities and the challenges of achieving urban development and try to reach the relative importance of the participation of each application in achieving urban development and rearrange them according to their significance, to meet the proposed framework.


KEYWORDS
Smart city, technological development, urban challenges, urban development, urban upgrading, 4IR applications
PDF

References

Adio-Moses, D. and Asaolu, O.S. (2016). Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development of Intelligent Buildings. In Proceedings of the 9th CIDB Postgraduate Conference, At University of Cape Town, South Africa, 01/2/2016. 
Boenig-Liptsin, M. (2017). AI and robotics for the city: Imagining and transforming social infrastructure. The Journal of Field Actions Science Reports, 17(n/a), 16–21.
Castelnovo, W., Misuraca, G., and Savoldelli, A. (2015). Citizen’s engagement and value co-production in smart and sustainable cities. In: International Conference on Public Policy, Milan, Italy, 01/07/2015.
Jules, T.D. (Ed.) (2017). Public Policy and Governance, The Global Educational Policy Environment in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Gated, Regulated and Governed. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. DOI: 10.1108/S2053-769720160000026011
Hollands, R.G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? City: Analysis of Urban Trend. Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 12(3), 303–20.  DOI: 10.1080/13604810802479126
Ingwersen, P. and Serrano-López, A.E.  (2018). Smart city research 1990–2016. International Journal of Scientometric Research, 117(2), 12–16
Kitchin, R. (2016). Reframing, Reimaging, and Remaking Smart Cities. Programmable City Working (P 20). Available at:  https://osf.io/preprints/socar xiv/cyjhg (accessed on 1/08/2021)
Klein, C., and Kaefer, G. (2008). From smart homes to smart cities: Opportunities and challenges from an industrial perspective. In: International Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking St. Petersburg, Russia, 03-05/09/2008.
Kougias, I., Szabó, S., Nikitas, A. and Theodossiou, N. (2019). Sustainable energy modelling of non-interconnected Mediterranean islands. Renewable Energy, 133(n/a), 930–40.
Lambert, L. (2017). The four challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 6(1), 190–1. 
Macrorie, R., Marvin, S. and While, A. (2019). Robotics and automation in the city: A research agenda. The Journal of Urban Geography, 42(2), 12–4. DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2019.1698868.
Nam, T. and Pardo, T.A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In: The 12th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, (pp. 282-291), USA, 12/06/2011.
Nordrum, A. (2017). Govern by blockchain, Dubai wants one platform to rule them all, while Illinois will try anything. IEEE Spectrum Magazine, 54(10), 54–5. 
Marsal-Llacuna, M.L., and Segal, M.E. (2016). The intelligenter method (II) for “smarter” urban policy-making and regulation drafting. Cities, 55(n/a), 127–38.
Peters, M.A. (2017). Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 5(1), 25–33. DOI: 10.22381/JSME5120172
PWC. (2017). The Future is Coming:  Index of Cities Readiness. Available at: https://www.pwc.ru/ru/assets/the-future-is-coming-english.pdf (accessed on15/07/2021).
PWC and World Economic Forum (2016), Inspiring Future Cities and Urban Services. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/government-public-services/public-sector-research-centre/publications/assets/pwc-wef-urban-services.pdf
Pîrvu, B.C. and Zamfirescu, C.B. (2017). Smart factory in the context of 4th industrial revolution: Challenges and opportunities for Romania. In: International Conference "IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering", 05/08/2017. DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/227/1/012094
Prisecaru, P. (2016). Challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. Christian University Bucharest, 8(1), 57–62. Available at: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.libraries.udmercy.edu:2443/docview/1793552558?accountid=28018 (accessed on 9/08/2021)
Rosique, F.J., Navarro, P., Fernández, C. and Padilla, A. (2019). A systematic review of perception system and simulators for autonomous vehicles research. Sensors, 19(648), 15.
Serrano, W. (2018). Digital systems in smart city and infrastructure: Digital as a service. Smart Cities. International and Scientific Journal (Smart Cities), 1(1), 134–54. DOI: 10.3390/smartcities1010008
Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution‖. UK: Penguin Group. Available at: https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/304/304971/the-fourth-industrial-revolution/9780241300756.html (accessed on12/08/2021).
UN-Habitat. (2016). The new urban agenda. In:  International Conference on Housing and Urban Development (Habitat III). Quito, Ecuador, 23/12/2016. Available at https://habitat3.org/the-new-urban-agenda (accessed on 4/07/2021).
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2014). World Urbanization Prospects. Available at: https://population.un.org/wup/publications/files/wup2014-report.pdf (accessed on 4/07/2021)
Vollath, D. (2008). Nanomaterials: An introduction to synthesis, properties and application. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 7(6), 865–70. 
Zhang, S. (2017). The Application of the Internet of Things to Enhance Urban Sustainability. Master’s Dissertation, University of Michigan, Agora, USA.