The effect of bureaucratic regulations on the Engineering & Architecture professional practice Some Arab Gulf States as an Example

(Adnan bin Abdullah Al-Shiha and Mcha)

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Abstract

Bureaucracy in developing countries plays a major role in solving social problems and implementing economic development with minimal social control. With power concentrated in bureaucracy, other social institutions such as social civil institutions have not been fully utilized and in some cases do not exist. For example professional associations are not administratively independent. Bureaucratic rules and regulations control entry and permits to a professional association. The absence of professional ethics and technical criteria has made professionals compete on economic basis with little attention to professional standards.
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